The Therapy of Diseases Using Phylloplane Bacteria

Pathogens and pests account for 20 % to 30 % of global crop yield losses. To maintain a sufficient and constant production, we rely on chemical crop protection and growth-promoting goods like pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. Many of these chemical compounds endanger human health and the environment, driving a demand for safer alternatives. A viable alternative is the use of microbial-based treatments to protect crops from disease. Although the word "biocontrol" includes eukaryotic biocontrol agents such as yeasts, fungi, beneficial insects, and other nonmicrobial pests, this review focuses on Phyllospheric bacteria. We employ this interpretation of a phyllospheric bacteria because it not only focuses on antagonizing the pathogen, However, it also focuses on boosting plant health. Furthermore, this definition enables for comparisons between probiotic and biocontrol research. We will look at how bacteria target microbial infections. The phyllosphere or above-ground surface of plants is a complex environment in which microorganisms and the host plant interact intensively to form unique, yet dynamic, communities. Microbial communities live on both the plant's external surfaces (epiphytes) and inside regions (endophytes), and they play a key role in disease resistance. Pathogens frequently go through an epiphytic phase before penetrating a plant cell or the apoplast. Unless otherwise stated, this review focuses on biocontrol agent applications to the leaves.