A 28-Year Multicenter Cohort Study of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis in Children, Spain
We describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis cases detailed in a 28-year (1996-2023) multicenter cohort from Spain. The case numbers remained stable during the initial prospective phase (2013-2020), but a sharp decline was observed during 2021-2022. Disease onset occurred during spring or June in 45.9% of cases. Mycobacterium avium complex (43.1%) and M. lentiflavum (39.9%) were the most common species detected. M. lentiflavum affected mostly younger children from central Spain. The most common treatment strategy was complete surgical resection with (n = 80) or without (n = 88) antimicrobial drug treatment, followed by antimicrobial drugs alone (n = 76). Facial palsy developed in 10.4% of surgical cases. Adverse events because of antimicrobial drugs were uncommon. New fistula formation during follow-up occurred more in children managed with observation alone than in those treated with antimicrobial drugs alone (relative risk 2.7 [95% CI 1.3-5.3]; p = 0.014).
Authors
- Francisco José Sanz-Santaeufemia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-3575)
- Teresa del Rosal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-7020)
- Marc Tebruegge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-0807)
- Sara Guillén-Martín
- Fernando Baquero‐Artigao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-3826)
- Manuel Monsonís
- Clàudia Fortuny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-5745)
- Ángela Manzanares (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-5035)
- Begoña Santiago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-0423)
- Antoni Soriano‐Arandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-7228)
- Miguel Lafuente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-3224)
- Alfredo Tagarro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-3455)
- Aina Martínez-Planas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-9450)
- Luigi Sedda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-6596)
- Antoni Noguera‐Julián (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-0583)
- María José Cilleruelo
- Anna Canet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-3041)
- Ana Méndez‐Echevarría (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-9080)
- Lola Falcón-Neyra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-8071)
- Paula Rodríguez-Molino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-0393)
- Matilde Bustillo Alonso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-2167)
- Carlos Toro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-9603)
- Julián González-Martín
- Elena Rincón
- Miguel Lillo
Publication Details
- Journal
- Emerging infectious diseases
- Published
- 2025-02-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3103.241254
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.42