Co-relation between total cholesterol, high density lipid, low density lipid and glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients with severity of acute coronary syndrome

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Diabetic patients with dyslipidaemia are at increased risk for coronary artery disease, often manifesting as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which can be life-threatening. This study aims to correlate lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with ACS severity (single versus multi-vessel disease) and examine how the duration of diabetes influences ACS severity. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved diabetic patients aged 30 and above who presented with their first ACS episode in the Emergency Department and underwent coronary angiography. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c and lipid profile assessments. Exclusion criteria included known coronary artery disease, current use of hypolipidemic drugs, and conditions that could confound lipid results. Results: Patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD) had higher mean HbA1c (9.06±1.34) compared to those with single-vessel disease (SVD) (7.86±0.87). The MVD group also had higher total cholesterol (213.17±30.78 mg/dl) and LDL (143.60±27.79 mg/dl) levels compared to the SVD group (183.96±34.33 mg/dl, 107.66±27.23 mg/dl). HDL levels were lower in the MVD group (31.29±9.92 mg/dl) compared to the SVD group (45.16±14.46 mg/dl). Diabetes lasting more than 10 years was associated with a higher incidence of MVD (44%). Conclusions: Early detection and effective management of diabetes, including glycemic control and lipid regulation, can reduce the severity and incidence of ACS in diabetic patients.