Determination of the frequency and structure of complicated myopia in outpatients

Purpose. To study the frequency and nosological structure of complicated myopia among primary outpatients. Methods. Continuous selection of all cases of myopia among patients who applied to the Diagnostic and treatment department (DTD) for a short period: from January 10 to January 18, 2022. In total, 159 patients were examined in the DTD, including 65 people with acquired myopia. They underwent a complex of ophthalmological examinations. A thorough examination of the macula, equatorial and peripheral parts of the retina was carried out, under maximum medical mydriasis (tropicamide1 % twice or tropicamide 0.8 % + phenylephrine 5 % once). The frequency of myopia complicated forms, clinical types, and severity levels were assessed. Results. 48 patients (86 eyes) had complicated myopia (68.8 % of eyes). The structure of complicated forms of myopia included various forms of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy (PVCRD) in 39 patients (62 eyes); central myopic changes in the fundus according to E.S. Avetisov (1974) in 47 eyes. In addition, 27 eyes (17 patients) had a combination of central changes and PVCRD. Axial length (AL) ranged from 23.3 to 28.17 mm. Lattice and frost-like forms of PVCRD with localization in the lower and temporal quadrants of the fundus predominated. Central chorioretinal myopic changes were detected in 24 patients (50 %) aged from 19 to 68 years; 21 patients had stage I, 2 patients had stage II, one patient had stage III. Conclusion. The proportion of complicated myopia was 68.8 % of eyes. In the structure of myopic complications, various types of PVCRD occurred in 81.2 %, central chorioretinal changes accompanied by a decrease in visual functions (stages II–III according to E. S. Avetisov) in 6.2 % of cases. Key words: complicated myopia, peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy, myopic maculopathy