Exploring the Impact of Informal Education on Livelihood and Income Among Economically Marginalized Populations in Sri Lanka

Objective: This research examines the influence of informal education on the livelihood and income of economically marginalized populations in Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on its role in fostering resilience duri ng economic crises. Theoretical Framework: Anchored in the theoretical constructs of human capital development, labor market dynamics, and socio-economic marginalization, the study utilizes the concepts of "sinking" and "floating" populations to investigate disparities in adaptive capacity and resilience. Method: The study employs a mixed-method ethnographic approach, integrating qualitative insights from participant observations and semi-structured interviews with quantitative data derived from surveys. Data were collected from 105 participants in urban low-income communities in Colombo and Gampaha districts, focusing on their educational attainment, income levels, livelihood practices, and skill proficiencies. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that informal education significantly enhances the adaptive capacity and economic resilience of marginalized populations. Key outcomes include improved numerical literacy, language proficiency, and experiential learning, which are critical for navigating labor market complexities. Notably, systematic training correlates with better economic outcomes among the floating group, while deficiencies in informal learning opportunities perpetuate vulnerabilities within the sinking group. Research Implications: The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of implementing inclusive informal education initiatives tailored to the socio-economic realities of marginalized populations. Addressing systemic barriers such as gender disparities and aligning informal education with labor market requirements are critical for promoting equitable economic development. Originality/Value: By elucidating the role of informal education in mitigating economic vulnerabilities, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of its potential to support human development in underprivileged urban contexts. The findings advance academic discourse on the intersection of education, income, and livelihood within marginalized settings.