An assessment model for socio-cultural sustainability of campus outdoor environments using physical and satisfaction indicators

Purpose This study aims to identify the physical properties of the outdoor campus planning and its components in the development of a sustainable campus, regarding the socio-cultural dimension. Design/methodology/approach Studying the under-theorized concept of socio-cultural sustainability in a university campus context and exploring their fundamental role in societies can contribute to generating socio-cultural sustainability on a broader scale. As a case study is taken, the Agricultural University campus of Tirana, where a meta-analysis and an observation of the campus components through a checklist are done. An online questionnaire with campus users brought their view about campus usage. The physical design and the experiences of the building users are all considered when comparing the socio-cultural sustainability of the campus’s outdoor environments qualitatively. Findings Findings conclude a common attitude towards most of the campus components by the users. In addition, the main properties of the physicality of a campus environment that contribute to a socio-cultural sustainable campus design are found to be the adequacy of outdoor components, the quality of outdoor environments, accessibility, safety and comfort, all elements that refine the assessment model. Originality/value This study’s novelty relies on proposing a socio-cultural sustainability model that works as a matrix to improve future assessment of campus outdoor spaces.