Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of AP2/ERF Gene Family in Passiflora edulis Sims

The Apetala2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) family represents a critical group of transcription factors in plants, recognized for their roles in growth, development, fruit ripening, and postharvest processes. This study aimed to identify and characterize the <i>AP2/ERF</i> gene family in passion fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims) and investigate their potential roles in flavor enhancement. A total of 91 <i>PeAP2/ERF</i> genes were identified and classified into five subfamilies. Chromosome localization and collinearity analysis demonstrated their distribution across all nine chromosomes of passion fruit, with tandem duplication events identified as a key driver of family expansion. Exon-intron configurations and motif compositions were highly conserved among <i>PeAP2/ERF</i> genes. Promoter cis-acting element analysis indicated potential regulation by environmental signals, including abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as hormonal cues. Postharvest storage induced the expression of 59 <i>PeAP2/ERF</i> genes over time. Notably, <i>PeAP2-10</i> was found to enhance the expression of <i>PeSTP6</i>, a gene associated with sugar transport, suggesting its potential influence on the flavor profile of passion fruit. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional roles of <i>PeAP2</i>/<i>ERF</i> genes in passion fruit, highlighting their significance in postharvest management and flavor quality enhancement strategies.