A mixed-methods model for healthcare system responsiveness to public health: insights from Iranian experts

Our developed model underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to healthcare system responsiveness, particularly focussing on public health services as foundational strategies for achieving universal health coverage. The results of our study revealed that a well-structured payment system and incentive mechanisms are critical for motivating healthcare professionals to deliver high-quality, timely and need-based services, ensuring sustainability in care provision. Beyond financial incentives, our model highlights the importance of health equity, intersectoral collaboration and community partnerships, which were identified as key drivers of responsiveness in healthcare systems. The findings indicate that fostering these elements not only strengthens healthcare delivery, but also supports the adaptation of services to meet diverse population needs effectively. In addition, the study emphasizes the innovative role of intersectoral collaboration in enhancing primary healthcare, which requires commitment across healthcare and non-health sectors. Our model introduces the concept of integrating community participation and resource allocation strategies into the healthcare system, thereby enhancing responsiveness. These strategies are anticipated to improve key health outcomes, such as life expectancy and maternal and child health indicators, by establishing robust healthcare networks that are more attuned to the health needs of the population.