Bioadaptable 3D Printed Scaffold for Microenvironment‐Activatable Visualization and Osteogenesis in Diabetic Bone Defect

Abstract The regeneration of diabetic bone defects faces significant challenges due to glycemic fluctuations, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chronic inflammation. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic strategy utilizing advanced visualization techniques enables monitoring of bone inflammation and implant degradation, facilitating timely and precise interventions to enhance bone repair. This study developed a multifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic scaffold (SrHA/IH/GOx@G) using 3D printing technology. The scaffold incorporates an “all‐in‐one” nanofluorescent probe (ICG@HMnO₂), Sr‐doped hydroxyapatite (SrHA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and glucose oxidase (GOx). GOx catalyzes glucose and oxygen into gluconic acid and H₂O₂, while H₂O₂ is scavenged by ICG@HMnO₂, releasing Mn 2 ⁺ for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ICG for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging. The scaffold tracks inflammation at bone defect sites for 14 days and monitors scaffold degradation in situ for up to 8 weeks. Moreover, releasing Sr and Ca ions from the scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, significantly accelerating diabetic bone repair. This scaffold combines advanced diagnostic imaging, real‐time visualization, and therapeutic effects, offering a promising integrated strategy for treating diabetic bone defects with diagnostic and therapeutic applications.