Perennial flood incidence in Ghana’s Wa municipality: planning deficiency or human attitude?

This study investigates the underlying causes of perennial flood incidence in the Wa Municipality, a secondary city in Ghana, focusing on the role of planning deficiency and human attitude. The study employs a mixed method, utilising key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FDGs) and surveys to gather data from Municipal authorities, community leaders, and residents affected by flooding. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring themes and patterns in the data. Descriptive and factor analysis were used to analyse the quantitative data. The findings suggest that planning deficiency and human attitudes significantly contribute to the recurrent flooding in the Wa Municipality. The study underscores the need for integrated and participatory approaches to address the root causes of flooding in secondary cities like Wa. This includes enhancing urban planning processes to incorporate flood risk considerations, improving infrastructure for drainage and waste management, strengthening enforcement mechanisms to prevent encroachment on waterways, and raising awareness among residents about flood risks and mitigation measures. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on flood risk management in secondary cities in Ghana and provide valuable insights for policy makers, urban planners, and community stakeholders to develop more effective strategies for reducing the impacts of perennial flooding and building resilience in flood-prone areas.