A Systematic Literature Review of Current Research Trends in Operational and Related Technology Threats, Threat Detection, and Security Insurance

The expansion of operation technology (OT) use and its tight integration with classical information and communication technologies have led not only to additional and improved possibilities in monitoring physical/manufacturing processes and the emergency of Industry 4.0 but also to a number of new threats, both related to the security of processed data and the safety of people, affected by physical processes and controlled by OT. Understanding potential threats has caused an increased demand for scientific research in the field, which is still relatively new and lacks established terminology. In this review paper, we aim to identify emerging trends and technologies in OT incident response, attack detection, applications of machine and deep learning for attack recognition, and security of OT protocols. An examination of research patterns from the Web of Science repository is performed to comprehend the panorama of publications and the present state of research in the area of OT security. The analysis shows a notable rise in publications concerning OT security, reflecting an increasing research interest. Proceeding articles and research articles were the predominant types of publications that were analyzed. The analysis further emphasizes the collaborative connections between researchers, academic institutions, and nations. Additionally, co-occurrence and citation analyses are carried out to offer an understanding of the associations between various keywords and/or research subjects. The study is finalized by suggesting future research directions on OT security. The uniqueness of this review lies in its focus on OT rather than the more commonly explored SCADA/ICS topics, attempting to cover a wider range of research topics instead of concentrating on a narrow area/method.