On the Potential Cosmogenic Origin of the Ultra-high-energy Event KM3-230213A
Abstract On 2023 February 13, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope observed a track-like event compatible with a ultra-high-energy muon with an estimated energy of 120 PeV, produced by a neutrino with an even higher energy, making it the most energetic neutrino event ever detected. A diffuse cosmogenic component is expected to originate from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with ambient photon and matter fields. The flux level required by the KM3NeT/ARCA event is, however, in tension with the standard cosmogenic neutrino predictions based on the observations collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array over the last decade of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays above the ankle (hence from the local Universe, z ≲ 1). We show here that both observations can be reconciled by extending the integration of the equivalent cosmogenic neutrino flux up to a redshift of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">max</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:math> and considering either source evolution effects or the presence of a subdominant independent proton component in the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray flux, thus placing constraints on known cosmic accelerators.
Authors
- J Schumann
- J. Boumaaza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-637X)
- A. Nayerhoda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-4324)
- R Cocimano
- S. Navas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-5758)
- N Randazzo
- Riccardo Bruno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-6597)
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- A. V. Plavin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-8554)
- Yu. Shitov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-418X)
- M. Spurio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-3655)
- M. Chabab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-4290)
- Michel André (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2214-6716)
- Jonathan Mauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9324-7970)
- C.M. Mollo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-8003)
- Francesca Magnani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-9397)
- Miroslav D Filipović (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-9288)
- M. Scaringella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-2832)
- A Heijboer
- Y. Becherini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-2930)
- D Franciotti
- D. Paesani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-533X)
- L. Morales-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-4365)
- G. de Wasseige (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-5100)
- E. Eckerová
- C. Bozza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-6451)
- F. Mamedov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-7164)
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- C. Lastoria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-8713)
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- A. Capone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-6220)
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- Lara Malerba
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- D. Joly
- E de Wolf
- D. van Eijk
- V. Lemaı̂tre
- J. Prado
- I. Sgura
- A Saina
- E. Buis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-7097)
- A. Idrissi
- J.-G. Ducoin
- E. Migneco
- G. Lehaut (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5137-9135)
- Jesus Eduardo Munoz Mendez
- D.F.E Samtleben
- M. de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1192-7517)
- K. Mehta
- L. Bailly-Salins
- Per Arne Sevle Myhr
- Paul de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-2614)
- G. Takadze
- A. Meskar
- Marco Scarnera
- P. Deguire
Institutions
- Institut Universitaire de France (FR)
- École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (FR)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Université de Haute-Alsace (FR)
- Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (FR)
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (FR)
- Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR)
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (FR)
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (FR)
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Caen (FR)
- IMT Atlantique (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Published
- 2025-05-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adcc29
- Citations
- 21
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 39.27
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Belgian American Educational Foundation
- Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
- European Commission
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky
- Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Région Normandie
- ESI Group
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Labex UnivEarthS
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules