The Role of the Paris Agreement in Addressing Gender-Based Violence through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC s): A Comparative Study of Egypt and Tunisia

Abstract This paper explores the extent to which the Nationally Determined Contributions ( NDC s) of Egypt and Tunisia align with the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) to mitigate gender-based violence ( GBV ) exacerbated by climate change. The study involves a comprehensive review and analysis of the NDC s and related policies of both countries, assessing their responsiveness to the gender dimensions of climate action. While both countries recognize the importance of gender considerations in their climate policies, the analysis reveals significant disparities in the integration and operationalization of gender-sensitive approaches within their NDC frameworks. The paper suggests that despite some progress, substantial gaps remain, particularly in addressing the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women in the context of climate-induced GBV .