Water supply from groundwater: new solutions for a battered-and-bruised Ukraine

ABSTRACT We present improved technology for alternative water supplies for Ukraine during martial law and post-war reconstruction. Sugar-bonded gravel filters for well screens reduce the consumption of material and time for their transportation to the site, and avoid sanding and the formation of voids, thereby reducing hydraulic resistance. Our results facilitate on-site production of block gravel filters using sugar as a binding agent for fine-and-medium-grained sands that constitute the effective component of the filterblock. We explore the constraints on installing such a filter to depths as great as 200 m.