Palpation-based scapular dyskinesis test: Inter-and intra-rater reliability and clinical advantages

BackgroundThe Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) is typically conducted using either real-time visual observation or video analysis. However, factors such as restricted shoulder mobility, higher body mass index (BMI), patient-centred care, and cultural considerations may impact the reliability of SDT results. Palpation offers an alternative approach that addresses these limitations by providing additional tactile information on joint function and dysfunction.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability and potential benefits of the palpation-based SDT.MethodsVideotaped, real-time visual observation, and palpation-based SDTs were conducted on 55 patients to assess the reliability and potential advantages of the palpation technique.ResultsThe inter-rater reliability of the palpation-based SDT was almost perfect (<i>k </i>= 0.82), while intra-rater reliability was similarly high (<i>k </i>= 0.97). Additionally, eight patients diagnosed with scapular dyskinesis (SD) were found to have Scapular Snapping Syndrome (SSS).ConclusionThe palpation-based SDT demonstrated superior inter-rater reliability compared to video analysis and real-time visual observation, with almost perfect reliability (<i>k </i>= 0.82). This method is particularly beneficial for patients with high or low BMI, those unable to remove clothing, and may be useful for detecting SSS. The findings suggest that palpation SDT is an effective tool for assessing scapular dyskinesis in various clinical settings.