Evidence for Jet/Outflow Shocks Heating the Environment around the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29: FAUST XXI

Abstract We have observed the late Class I protostellar source Elias 29 at a spatial resolution of 70 au with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array as part of the FAUST Large Program. We focus on the line emission of SO, while that of 34 SO, C 18 O, CS, SiO, H 13 CO + , and DCO + are used supplementarily. The spatial distribution of the SO rotational temperature ( T rot (SO)) is evaluated by using the intensity ratio of its two rotational excitation lines. Besides in the vicinity of the protostar, two hot spots are found at a distance of 500 au from the protostar; T rot (SO) locally rises to 53 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K at the interaction point of the outflow and the southern ridge, and 72 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>29</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>66</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K within the southeastern outflow probably due to a jet-driven bow shock. However, the SiO emission is not detected at these hot spots. It is likely that active gas accretion through the disk-like structure and onto the protostar still continues even at this evolved protostellar stage, at least sporadically, considering the outflow/jet activities and the possible infall motion previously reported. Interestingly, T rot (SO) is as high as 20–30 K even within the quiescent part of the southern ridge apart from the protostar by 500–1000 au without clear kinematic indication of current outflow/jet interactions. Such a warm condition is also supported by the low deuterium fractionation ratio of HCO + estimated by using the H 13 CO + and DCO + lines. The B-type star HD147889 ∼0.5 pc away from Elias 29, previously suggested as a heating source for this region, is likely responsible for the warm condition of Elias 29.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2025-02-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adabe7
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
5.77

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Evidence for Jet/Outflow Shocks Heating the Environment around the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29: FAUST XXI

Romane Le Gal, G. Moellenbrock, Dominique Segura-Cox, Lucy Evans et al.
5 citations
The Astrophysical Journal
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
5.77
article

Evidence for Jet/Outflow Shocks Heating the Environment around the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29: FAUST XXI

Romane Le Gal, G. Moellenbrock, Dominique Segura-Cox, Lucy Evans, Mathilde Bouvier, A. Miotello, C. Kahane, Logan Francis, Hauyu Baobab Liu, J. E. Pineda, Laurent Loinard, G. Busquet, Yancy L. Shirley, Yoshimasa Watanabe, S. Mercimek, F. Ménard, F. Fontani, L. Podio, Shingo Hirano, Spandan Choudhury, Nadia Balucani, Yuki Okoda, Tomoya Hirota, Ross O’Donoghue, G. Sabatini, Hideko Nomura, Steven B. Charnley, Brian Svoboda, A. López-Sepulcre, Satoshi Ohashi, M. Koutoulaki, Doug Johnstone, L. Testi, Nicolás Cuello, D. Fedele, Albert Rimola, María José Maureira, Eric Herbst, Yasuhiro Oba, Nami Sakai, Aurora Durán, B. Leflóch, S. Viti, Tetsuya Hama, F. O. Alves, C. J. Chandler, Tomoyuki Hanawa, J. Ospina-Zamudio, Shoji Mori, M. De Simone, C. Codella, Naoki Watanabe, Yoko Oya, C. Vastel, Izaskun Jiménez-Serra, L. T. Maud, F. Dulieu, E. Bianchi, Yuri Aikawa, P. Caselli, C. Ceccarelli, Siyi Feng, Yichen Zhang, Ziwei Zhang, S. Yamamoto, Andrea Isella, Emmanuel Caux, Takeshi Sakai, Eri Saiga
article en
5 citations

Abstract

Abstract We have observed the late Class I protostellar source Elias 29 at a spatial resolution of 70 au with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array as part of the FAUST Large Program. We focus on the line emission of SO, while that of 34 SO, C 18 O, CS, SiO, H 13 CO + , and DCO + are used supplementarily. The spatial distribution of the SO rotational temperature ( T rot (SO)) is evaluated by using the intensity ratio of its two rotational excitation lines. Besides in the vicinity of the protostar, two hot spots are found at a distance of 500 au from the protostar; T rot (SO) locally rises to 53 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K at the interaction point of the outflow and the southern ridge, and 72 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>29</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>66</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K within the southeastern outflow probably due to a jet-driven bow shock. However, the SiO emission is not detected at these hot spots. It is likely that active gas accretion through the disk-like structure and onto the protostar still continues even at this evolved protostellar stage, at least sporadically, considering the outflow/jet activities and the possible infall motion previously reported. Interestingly, T rot (SO) is as high as 20–30 K even within the quiescent part of the southern ridge apart from the protostar by 500–1000 au without clear kinematic indication of current outflow/jet interactions. Such a warm condition is also supported by the low deuterium fractionation ratio of HCO + estimated by using the H 13 CO + and DCO + lines. The B-type star HD147889 ∼0.5 pc away from Elias 29, previously suggested as a heating source for this region, is likely responsible for the warm condition of Elias 29.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 980(2)
Leiden University (NL), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES), Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (CA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), University of Leeds (GB), Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica (TW), Woodwell Climate Research Center (US), European Southern Observatory (DE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR), Harvard University (US), Chiba University (JP), Shibaura Institute of Technology (JP), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (FR), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN), Xiamen University (CN), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP), University of Electro-Communications (JP), Hokkaido University (JP), University of Victoria (CA), Kyoto University (JP), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (US), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), University of Perugia (IT), Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory (IT), Sorbonne Université (FR), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE), Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (FR), Excellence Cluster Origins (DE), Pioneer (Japan) (JP), McCormick (United States) (US), Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (FR), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (IT), RIKEN (JP), Centro de Astrobiología (ES), CY Cergy Paris Université (FR), Tokyo Metropolitan Komaba High School (JP), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP), University of Florence (IT), University College London (GB), University of Virginia (US), Universitat de Barcelona (ES), Rice University (US), The University of Tokyo (JP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, National Science Council, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Planetary Science Division
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
5.77
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.