Fatwā and AI: A Literature-Based Assessment On How AI Impacts the Role of the Muftī

This article explores the intersection of fatwā (Islamic legal opinions) and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly chatbot technology, to assess its impact on the role of the muftī, who traditionally issues fatwas. The rise of AI-powered chatbots presents both opportunities and challenges in fatwā issuance. AI offers advantages like accessibility, consistency, and the ability to handle a high volume of queries, potentially improving the speed and reach of religious guidance, particularly in remote areas. However, the lack of empathy and nuanced understanding in chatbots raises concerns, as they may fail to address the complexities of Islamic jurisprudence or provide contextually appropriate responses. A literature review of existing academic work on AI and fatwā was conducted. Some of these studies contain case studies of AI applications in religious guidance, content analysis of fatwā texts and AI algorithms, and comparative analysis of different AI approaches. The article assessed the challenges and opportunities for the muftī in an AI-dominated world. It examined the impact of AI on the muftī’s role and provides recommendations for adapting to this technology. It recommends the need to incorporate AI owing to, among other factors, the benefits of its large datasets. However, such fatwā provision must retain the human element, namely the traditional, physical role of the muftī, who is always alert and sensitive to context and can gauge what type of ruling is appropriate in each situation. A partnership between AI and human judgment has the potential to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of fatwā issuance while preserving its integrity.