PSO-CHS Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Networks

A region's Wireless sensor networks consist of sensors distributed over a region that collect and send environmental data to a central station. It measures humidity and temperature. The formation is based on many key ideas, including the routing system that optimizes data flow to the base station. Routing introduces limits and obstacles to better results. One challenge is choosing the cluster head, who aggregates data from nearby sensors and sends it to the base station. Many methods are used to choose the cluster head. Instead of GSTEB, DCBRP, and ETSRP, which are laborious and time-consuming, modern cluster head identification methods use artificial intelligence. This study selects the cluster head quickly and accurately using PSO-CHS (particle swarm optimization-Cluster Head Selection Routing Protocol). It improves execution time by 84.1%, delay matrix by 44.3%, and energy matrix by 80.4% over previous protocols. PSO-CHS design promotes energy efficiency, network durability, and packet loss reduction.