An Improved Red Kite Optimization Algorithm for Designing Automatic Voltage Regulator Systems

This paper introduces LOROATS (Lemur-Optimized Red Kite Optimization with Tabu Search), a novel hybrid optimization algorithm for tuning PIDD<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> controllers in Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) systems. LOROATS combines the Red Kite Optimization (ROA) algorithm with Lemurs Optimization (LO) and Tabu Search (TS) to enhance exploration and exploitation capabilities while avoiding premature convergence. The algorithm was evaluated using the Zwe-Lee Gaing (ZLG) objective function, which considers multiple performance metrics. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art optimization methods demonstrated LOROATS's superior performance in optimizing PIDD<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> controller parameters. The LOROATS-tuned AVR system achieved better transient response characteristics with zero overshoot, faster rise time, and reduced settling time. Additionally, frequency response analysis showed improved bandwidth, indicating enhanced stability and disturbance rejection capabilities. These results establish LOROATS as an effective optimization approach for AVR system control, particularly suitable for modern power systems with increasing complexity and renewable energy integration.