PID-F Controlled LFC in a Two-Area Power System with Renewable Integration Using Metaheuristic Approaches

As a result of the rising usage of renewable energy sources (RES) and the altering load profile, it is becoming increasingly difficult to strike a balance between production and demand. This is because renewable energy sources are becoming more prevalent. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance to put the process of load frequency control (LFC) into action. Taking this into consideration, the objective of this study is to optimize the adjustment of the parameters of the proportionalintegral-derivative with filter (PID-F) controller for the LFC process in a two-area power system that consists of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind energy systems simultaneously. During the past few years, a number of innovative algorithms have been developed. These algorithms include the mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO), the hippopotamus optimizer (HO), and the puma optimizer (PO). The parameters of the PID-F controller were determined with the help of these algorithms, which were applied accordingly. The findings of the simulation reveal that all three algorithms managed to achieve results that were successful and comparable to one another in the LFC process. These results were attained by all three algorithms.