Optimizing Different Methods of Fabricating 3D Printed UV Blocking Sheets for Solar Cells

This study investigates the fabrication of innovative UV-blocking sheets that effectively transmit visible light while simultaneously obstructing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, utilizing Cerium Oxide (CeO2) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as UV-blocking agents. Three distinct fabrication methods were explored: The Powder Method, where nanoparticles were incorporated directly into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); the Ball milling Mixture method, which involved mixing nanoparticles through ball milling; and the Solvent-Based Mixture method, where nanoparticles were dissolved, mixed, and dried; before incorporation into PDMS. Samples were produced using a 3D printing technique, which is Direct Ink Writing (DIW) and characterized for their optical properties via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated CeO2 demonstrated superior UV-blocking capabilities (a maximum blockage of ~99%) compared to ZnO, while maintaining high transmittance for visible light (a maximum of ~90%). Notably, the solvent-based method exhibited better results than the ball milling method; however, the powder method had the best results. Therefore, this investigation offers a promising solution for solar panel protection that aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 energy objectives. The relentless exposure of devices, particularly solar cells, to harmful UV radiation poses a formidable challenge and leads to annual degradation rates of between -0.8% and -4.9%, besides other factors. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing effective UV-blocking solutions.