Multi-physics Simulation of a Patch Antenna for the Human Head

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no effective treatment available clinically. Radiofrequency therapy as a breakthrough approach may help delay the progression of the disease symptoms. Therefore, this study designed a patch antenna for application on human head tissue, the radiation performance of the antenna and the safety of the human head are verified through the multi-physical simulation. The simulation results indicated that the antenna return loss was $\mathbf{- 1 5 . 1 5 d B}$, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was $1.42(\lt2)$ at the operating frequency of 1.8 GHz. When the input power was less than 50 mW, the specific absorption rate (SAR) value was less than $1.6 \text{W} / \text{kg}$, meeting the limit standards for electromagnetic field exposure SAR. In addition, the temperature rise in the head tissue caused by antenna radiation was $0.35^{\circ} \text{C}$. The results indicated that the antenna was effective to the electromagnetic radiation of $A D$ focal area and safe to the human head, and can be used as an effective means to improve the symptoms of AD.