A Wideband and Wide-Scanning Phased Array Antenna With Mushroom-shaped Metasurface for RF Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer

In this article, reverse wave transmission lines are used to create a composite right/left-handed metamaterials, which facilitate a phased array antenna that is compact, wideband, low profile, and wide-angle scanning. To validate its performance, a mushroom-shaped metasurface unit is first designed. The utilization of this non-resonant left-handed metamaterials are advantageous for the accomplishment of broadband (7.8-13.5 $\mathbf{G H z}, 54 \%$). Furthermore, the antenna unit features only one layer of dielectric plate structure, measuring only $0.35 \times 0.4\left(\lambda_{0}{}^{2}\right)$ in size and the overall thickness of the antenna is $0.09 \lambda_{0}$. Ultimately, a two-dimensional phased array of $8 \times 8$ is formed on this basis. Within the frequency range of $8.5-12.2 \mathrm{GHz}$, the phased array can scan at least ± 60° in the typical azimuth and elevation plane of the corresponding frequency points, with a gain decrease of less than 3 dB. This antenna with metamaterial holds immense application potential in radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and wireless power transmission (WPT).