End-fire Antenna Based on Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 60GHz Applications

In this paper, an end-fire antenna composed of an open-ended Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide (ESIW) and two metal blocks attached to its upper and lower surfaces is proposed for 60 GHz application. And a transition between ESIW and grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is designed. The open-ended ESIW excited by the TE<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> mode radiates as a horizontal magnetic current source, and the vertical currents can be generated at the end faces of the metal blocks. Thus, a magnetoelectric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna is constructed resulting in a unidirectional radiation pattern. Adding notches to the end faces of the metal blocks enhances the antenna’s bandwidth and gain. Simulated results indicate that the antenna achieves a bandwidth of $55 \sim 65 \mathrm{GHz}$ with VSWR $\lt 2$ and an average gain of 8.72 dBi.