Normalizing Sexual Orientations, Gender Identities and Expressions, and Sex Characteristics at the Global Level, from a Canadian Perspective

By developing its first Feminist International Assistance policy, Canada has positioned itself as an international feminist and diverse SOGIESC rights leader. However, the scarcity of references to sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) has raised questions on how these concepts were included in such a policy. This case study's objective is to better understand how Canadian policies play a role in including and normalizing diverse SOGIESC at the global level. We used documentary research, observations, and interviews to respond to that question. An abductive analysis was conducted, integrating a socio-ecological approach with emerging themes from the data. All socio-ecological levels were mobilized by Canadian actions toward SOGIESC normalization. Public policies were informed by a human rights-based approach and inclusive language. Canadian norms toward SOGIESC rights were conveyed within international communities by building bridges, positioning Canada as a political broker, while organizational resources remained limited. Individuals and their interpersonal skills were central in creating allyship through firsthand experiences. The importance of transpartisanship and stronger coordination of soft power emerged as new and practical strategies responding to inclusion and normalization challenges. These strategies could represent important interactive spaces and leaders, in a context of rising conservative right-wing coalitions.