VPN-Encrypted Network Traffic Classification Using a Time-Series Approach

Network traffic classification provides value to organizations and Internet service providers (ISPs). The identification of applications or services from network traffic enables organizations to better manage their business, and ISPs to offer services to their users. Given the vast quantity of traffic flowing in and out of organizations, it is impractical to write manual signatures for traffic identification. The effectiveness of machine learning (ML) in the identification of applications or services from network traffic has been demonstrated. Even when network traffic is encrypted, ML algorithms achieve high accuracy in the task of traffic identification based on statistical information and the packets’ headers and payloads. However, existing approaches were shown to be ineffective for VPN-encrypted network traffic. In this study, we propose a novel time-series based approach for the identification of traffic/source applications on VPN-encrypted traffic. We also demonstrate the broad applicability of our proposed approach by evaluating its effectiveness on non-VPN traffic that is encrypted, and on IoT traffic.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Published
2025-02-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3543903
Citations
8
Primary Topic
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
19.85
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

VPN-Encrypted Network Traffic Classification Using a Time-Series Approach

Asaf Shabtai, Jaidip Kotak, Yuval Elovici, Idan Yankelev et al.
8 citations
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
19.85
article

VPN-Encrypted Network Traffic Classification Using a Time-Series Approach

Asaf Shabtai, Jaidip Kotak, Yuval Elovici, Idan Yankelev, Idan Bibi
article en
8 citations

Abstract

Network traffic classification provides value to organizations and Internet service providers (ISPs). The identification of applications or services from network traffic enables organizations to better manage their business, and ISPs to offer services to their users. Given the vast quantity of traffic flowing in and out of organizations, it is impractical to write manual signatures for traffic identification. The effectiveness of machine learning (ML) in the identification of applications or services from network traffic has been demonstrated. Even when network traffic is encrypted, ML algorithms achieve high accuracy in the task of traffic identification based on statistical information and the packets’ headers and payloads. However, existing approaches were shown to be ineffective for VPN-encrypted network traffic. In this study, we propose a novel time-series based approach for the identification of traffic/source applications on VPN-encrypted traffic. We also demonstrate the broad applicability of our proposed approach by evaluating its effectiveness on non-VPN traffic that is encrypted, and on IoT traffic.

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service ManagementVol. 22(2)
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
19.85
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.