3D Channel Modeling and Analysis of Channel Statistical Properties for UAVs Based on Different Distributions

This letter proposes a novel three-dimensional geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground (A2G) communication systems. To address the limited consideration of complex urban environments in existing UAV models, this model specifically accounts for the significant impact of ground objects on A2G communications and analyzes how different ground scatterer distributions affect signal propagation. The study examines the effects of UAV angle and altitude on the statistical characteristics of the channel. Results indicate that channel correlation is closely tied to UAV angle and altitude, with Gaussian and uniform scatterer distributions impacting channel statistics differently. Simulation results exhibit high consistency with measurement data, providing a more accurate framework for the design and performance analysis of UAV communication systems.