Cost-Efficient Pipelined Modular Polynomial Multiplier for Post-Quantum Cryptography Saber

The development of quantum computers presents a great challenge for current cryptographic algorithms. Post-quantum cryptography has been proposed to secure against quantum computers in the near future. Modular polynomial multiplication is a frequent arithmetic operation in post-quantum cryptography. In this paper, a low-cost and efficient pipelined architecture for modular polynomial multiplication in Saber has been proposed and synthesized with the Virtex UltraScale + xcu200-fsgd2104-2-e board. It can achieve a frequency of 250 MHz and only uses 11,499 LUTs, 7034 FFs and 32 IOs.