Surgical Treatment of Cranial Fasciitis in an Atypical Maxillary Region of a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

<b>Objective:</b> The aim of this case report is to show the surgical treatment of cranial fasciitis in a 2-year-old patient. Cranial fasciitis is an uncommon, nonmalignant, and swiftly proliferating lesion that primarily involves the cranium, predominantly in the temporoparietal area. It mostly comprises smooth muscle tissue, connective tissue, and diverse immune cells. The lesion often manifests as an indurated, asymptomatic mass, averaging approximately 2.5 cm in size, although it may exceed 15 cm. Cranial fasciitis predominantly manifests in children below the age of 6. The diagnosis is validated via histological investigation, which identifies a benign tumor defined by the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells organized in a myxoid matrix, frequently displaying a storiform pattern. <b>Methods:</b> We present a case of cranial fasciitis in a 2-year-old pediatric patient, characterized by an atypical manifestation in the maxillary region. The lesion underwent surgical intervention resulting in total excision. <b>Results:</b> Three years after the surgery, the patient is asymptomatic and shows no signs of recurrence. Regular clinical follow-up and imaging are scheduled biannually, and the patient is anticipated to have a favorable long-term prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cranial fasciitis is a very rare benign lesion that occurs more commonly in childhood. In this case, surgical resection was effective, and three years later, the patient remains asymptomatic and free of recurrence, with a favorable long-term prognosis.