Measurements and Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Vehicle-to-Vehicle Propagation With Vehicle Obstructions

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology becomes a candidate to meet the high-data-rate requirements of future vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems. The obstructions of vehicles are particularly common in V2V communications. However, there remains a gap in existing works regarding mmWave V2V propagation with vehicle obstructions. This paper reports the mmWave V2V channel measurements and modeling with large and small vehicle obstructions in urban street and underground parking lot scenarios. The effect of the distance between the obstruction vehicle and the receiver (RX) on the mmWave channel characteristics is investigated. We employe the deterministic models (two-path, three-path and knife-edge diffraction models) considering the beam pattern of directional antennas to reveal the mmWave propagation mechanism, and propose a stochastic model that can be applied to both line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) cases to fit the path loss. Channel non-stationarity and channel consistency are analyzed and compared. Small-scale fading characteristics, such as root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), K factor and their cross-correlation, are studied in detail. The measurement and analysis results are of great help for mmWave V2V channel modeling, communication system design and performance evaluation for different scenarios and different obstruction vehicle types.