Congenital anomalies in Okara District of Pakistan: Epidemiology, spectrum and ethno-demographic inequalities

Neurological and neuromuscular defects which accounted for 31% of the sample, were of severe nature and cause of disability, whereas limb defects were mainly of minor nature. There is wide variation in the prevalence of CA across the ethno-demographic variables. A multifaceted strategy that explicitly includes marginalized and minority populations in health services and addresses environmental, genetic, and maternal health factors is necessary to prevent CA.