<i>Roseburia hominis</i> improves host metabolism in diet-induced obesity

Next-generation live biotherapeutics are promising to aid the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we reported a novel anti-obesity probiotic candidate, <i>Roseburia hominis</i>, that was depleted in stool samples of obese subjects compared with lean controls, and its abundance was negatively correlated with body mass index and serum triglycerides. Supplementation of <i>R. hominis</i> prevented body weight gain and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, prevented fatty liver, inhibited white adipose tissue expansion and brown adipose tissue whitening in mice fed with high-fat diet, and boosted the abundance of lean-related species. The effects of <i>R. hominis</i> could be partially attributed to the production of nicotinamide riboside and upregulation of the Sirtuin1/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicated that <i>R. homini</i>s is a promising candidate for the development of next-generation live biotherapeutics for the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases.