Experimental impacts of transparency on strawberry agrivoltaics using thin film photovoltaic modules under low light conditions

• Effects transparency levels in thin-film cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) PV modules on strawberry growth. • Seven transparency levels (10% to 80%) varying photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values. • strawberries under 70% transparency PV achieved a fresh weight 140.6% of the average control, • 40% transparency maintained over 80% yield, suitable for agrivoltaics yield mandates. • Canadian strawberry farms could generate 595–1,786 GWh of solar electricity annually. This study determines the effects of varying lighting conditions from agrivoltaics on strawberry growth and yield by investigating strawberry production under thin-film cadmium telluride PV modules. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of varying PV transparency on strawberry yield and growth under Cd-Te PV modules, and to evaluate the potential of agrivoltaics as a sustainable solution for strawberry production in northern climates. Seven levels of transparency (10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%) were tested, which resulted in varying photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values under each PV module type. Modules were tested in a controlled environment designed to replicate outdoor conditions of London Ontario, with regulated temperature and lighting. Strawberry fresh weight, plant height, leaf count, and flower count were quantified. The results indicate that strawberries grown under 70% transparency PV exhibited a fresh weight 140.6% of the average control. Additionally, 40% transparency maintained a greater than 80% yield making them viable in all regions with agrivoltaics yield mandates. Increased transparency in PV modules also correlated with a higher number of leaves, while height correlation was complex. If Canadian strawberry farms converted to agrivoltaics, between 595 and 1,786 GWh of solar electricity could be generated and globally strawberry agrivoltaics offer an electrical potential ranging from 58 to 173 TWh. The adoption of agrivoltaics in the strawberry sector could facilitate energy self-sufficiency and transform it into a net electricity exporter, generating additional revenue for farmers.