Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms in an urban community college population

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including family dysfunction, abuse, neglect, and community- instigated stress (Urban ACEs), are linked to negative health outcomes. This study examined self-reported trauma and depressive symptoms among urban community college students in the USA, using a descriptive correlational design with a convenience sample. Trauma was assessed through both conventional ACEs and Urban ACEs, and depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9. Results indicated significant trauma (ACE μ = 3.59, Urban ACE μ = 2.15) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 μ = 9.30). Demographic analysis showed that students identifying as gender “other” and those of Hispanic ethnicity exhibited heightened vulnerability to trauma. The addition of childhood trauma to the inherent challenges faced by urban community college students creates an excess burden. Therefore, assessment of childhood trauma and the provision of psychosocial resources are critical to promoting the success and well-being of these students.