Comparison of Breast Cancer in Maranhão and Brazil From 2012 to 2022

Objective: Compare the variables of breast cancer patients in Maranhão and Brazil between 2012 and 2022. Theoretical Framework: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed neoplasm among women and, in Brazil, it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. A healthy lifestyle minimizes the chances of developing the disease, but does not eliminate them. Treatment varies according to the stage and type of tumor, encompassing traditional options and advancements such as genetic mapping and targeted therapies, while public policies promote early diagnosis and screening. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data from the Oncology Observatory, focusing on variables such as age group, type of treatment, procedures performed, mortality from breast cancer, and SUS investments by procedure groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results and Discussion: The results revealed an increase in breast cancer incidence in Maranhão and Brazil, with rates ranging from 51.83 to 61.78 cases per 100,000 women in Brazil and from 13.35 to 23.53 in Maranhão. A higher proportion of young patients receiving outpatient treatment was observed in Maranhão, highlighting regional inequalities. Adjuvant chemotherapy was the most performed procedure, although there is underutilization of complementary services in the state. The lack of mortality data in Maranhão limits understanding of the disease's impact, emphasizing the need for monitoring strategies.