A Case Series on Latissimus Dorsi Flap Reconstruction: A Versatile Approach to Managing Oncological Defects

The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a well-established reconstructive option, particularly for managing complex oncological defects. This study explores its versatility and efficacy through a retrospective case series involving five patients treated at a tertiary care center over five years. The cases included osteosarcoma of the humerus, melanoma of the plantar foot, recurrent fibromatosis of the neck, carcinoma of the breast, and osteosarcoma of the femur. All patients underwent surgical resection followed by LD flap reconstruction, either pedicled or microvascular, tailored to the defect's location and extent. Outcomes were assessed based on oncological control, postoperative complications, functional restoration, and esthetic results. The LD flap demonstrated excellent utility across all cases, with key findings including complete pathological response in two cases and no residual tumor in three cases. Functional outcomes were notable, with patients regaining weight-bearing capability or mobility within three months postoperatively. Partial flap necrosis occurred in one case but was managed conservatively with successful secondary healing. No recurrence was observed during follow-up for melanoma and breast cancer cases, highlighting favorable oncological outcomes. These findings reaffirm the LD flap's critical role in modern reconstructive surgery, offering robust soft tissue coverage, enhanced functional outcomes, and minimal complications. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate its long-term benefits and impact on quality of life.