Identification and regulation of catalytic active sites on material surface

Abstract In order to explore the identification and regulation of active sites on catalysts, various high-resolution characterization techniques combined with theoretical calculations were used to conduct an in-depth analysis of active sites on the surfaces of different types of catalytic materials. Through techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, the active sites of various catalysts were successfully identified, and their electronic and geometric structures were analyzed. The results indicate that the structural characteristics of active sites are closely related to catalytic performance, and precise regulation of these sites can significantly improve catalytic efficiency. In addition, the developed in-situ characterization technology provides new possibilities for real-time monitoring of catalytic processes, opening up new paths for designing and optimizing efficient catalysts.