Influence of Variation in contact angle of porous surfaces with different particle stacks on the permeability properties of porous media

Abstract The ease of fluid movement within porous media is characterized by its permeability performance, and this property has significant implications in soil hydrology and materials science. Porous media were built using various particle arrangements to examine the permeation performance of droplets in particle-stacked porous media. The COMSOL simulation program and the level set method (LS) were used to track changes in the two-phase interface during the droplet permeation process, allowing for the investigation of the effects of various contact angles on the permeation process of droplets on the porous media surface. It is discovered that in comparison to the porous media created by mixed in-line particle stacking, the deeper the penetration is and the better the droplet penetration performance is, the smaller the internal pores of the porous media model with in-line particle stacking is; in addition, when the contact angle varies between 30° and 60°, the droplet penetration performance is worse at 120° and better at 60°. A theoretical foundation for comprehending droplet permeation in porous media is provided by the findings.