Prediction model for lifting performance in deep-sea mining based on flow patterns

Abstract Utilizing the momentum theorem, flow pattern analysis, and the drift flux method, a comprehensive theoretical model for air lifting in gas-liquid-solid transportation within deep-sea mining has been developed. The results indicate that as the gas mass flow rates increase, there is an initial rapid rise in the particle mass flow rates, followed by stabilization. Concurrently, lifting efficiency shows an initial increase before declining, peaking at lower gas mass flow rates. Increasing the riser diameter or immersion ratio, as well as deepening the air injection port, significantly enhances both the particle mass flow rates and lifting efficiency, while expanding the range of highly efficient gas mass flow rates to improve system lifting capacity. This suggests that under high immersion rates or with larger injection port depths, an air lifting system can utilize a higher gas mass flow rate to enhance production capacity. This study not only provides effective theoretical support for air lifting systems in deep-sea mining but also introduces novel concepts and avenues for further research and engineering practice in related fields.