Interaction and jet behavior of synchronous and asynchronous double bubbles

The interaction between multiple bubbles is essential in various fields, including underwater explosions, cavitation, and medical imaging. Topics such as bubble bursting and jet formation have garnered significant research interest. This study integrates electric spark experiments and numerical simulations to analyze the behavior of double-array bubbles, with variations in their spacing and proximity to boundaries. It investigates how spatial parameters influence bubble cycles, maximum radius, and jet formation, establishing a clear relationship between jet direction and explosion distance. Results indicate that timing primarily affects bubble dynamics by altering the direction of the Bjerknes force. Additionally, timing influences jet velocity, while bubble spacing (γb) and depth (γf) regulate the maximum radius and pulsation cycle. The pulsation cycle (T) decreases with greater γb, stabilizing under free-field conditions. An inflection occurs near γf=2.0, with further reductions as distance increases. Near the free surface, γf has minimal effect on the cycle, which decreases slightly (by approximately 8%). These findings have significant implications for applications in medicine, underwater explosions, and structural protection.