Enhancing Spectral Efficiency with a novel hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface scheme

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology represents a significant advancement in wireless communication and signal transmission, operating in passive, active, and hybrid modalities. The hybrid mode combines the advantages of passive and active configurations, allowing RIS units to collaborate with active transceivers to reflect and amplify signals efficiently. However the optimization of hybrid RIS is settled in area of continuous research. This study proposes the maximization of Spectral Efficiency (SE) through optimized amplification gains and phase shifts of RIS using of Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) as a method by breaking down a complex task into simpler subproblems, thereby enhancing the overall optimization process. Evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of our approach in maximizing system’s (SE), enhancing Quality of Service (QoS), while considering RIS power budget constraints. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed hybrid RIS model achieved an SNR improvement of at least 42% for 120 RIS elements compared to conventional schemes.