Impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on prostate cancer

Introduction: The gut microbiome is integral for regulating metabolism, immune functions, and inflammation, with growing evidence suggesting its involvement in the growth and course of prostate cancer (PCa). This review examines the effect of gut microbiome alterations in influencing PCa incidence and risk, factors leading to prostate cancer development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing peer-reviewed studies on the effects of gut microbiome dysbiosis on prostate cancer. Results: Distinct microbial patterns such as a rise in pro-inflammatory Bacteroides massiliensis and a decrease in anti-inflammatory Faecalibacterium prausnitzii seen in PCa patients which can be used as a biomarker for making a diagnosis of prostate cancer from other prostate-related conditions. Also, the production of bile acids and short-chain fatty acids by gut bacteria can interfere with hormone synthesis, and a diet high in fat and reduced fiber can lead to dysbiosis eventually causing PCa. Conclusion: The study underscores the relevance of gut microbiome dysbiosis and its relation to androgen regulation, inflammatory reactions, and metabolic pathways—all of which have a role in the development of prostate cancer. A good dietary approach and probiotics together with traditional methods like androgen restriction therapy can lead to well-balanced outcomes in patients.