Etiology and Pathogenesis of Caries and Gingivitis in Young People. Prevention and Medicinal Treatment in the Complex Therapy of Caries and Gingivitis

The prevalence of periodontal diseases is extremely high, and in recent decades its significant increase in young people has been noted, and a more aggressive course of periodontal diseases has been identified. The development and progression of periodontal disease and caries in younger individuals exhibit distinctive peculiarities. Today, special attention is paid to the condition of microbiocenosis in the oral cavity, which can be both a consequence of various diseases and a contributing factor in the exacerbation and aggravation of dental diseases such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, stomatitis and others. The oral microflora is a highly sensitive indicator system that responds with qualitative and quantitative shifts to changes in the state of various organs and systems of the body, and requires further study. The control of dental plaque also serves to reduce gingivitis, which, in turn, helps to prevent the development of periodontitis in later life. Good oral hygiene, primarily through effective tooth brushing, reduces plaque and is crucial for the prevention of caries. Good oral hygiene habits, formed at an early age, thus help to lay the foundation for maintaining dental health. Oral hygiene with antimicrobial and remineralizing agents, in addition to the mechanical plaque removal, could be used to treat and prevent dental diseases.