The Shift of Politeness Systems in Javanese Society: A Case Study on Quality Education and Cultural Sustainability in Arek Cultural Communities in Urban Area, Indonesia

Objective: This article aims to examine the shift in the politeness system of Javanese community in the Javanese Arek cultural area (Indonesia), particularly among the younger generation in urban areas, as well as the factors contributing to this shift. Theoretical Framework: This article applies the theory proposed by Scollon and Scollon (2001). This theory argues that, based on differences in power (+P or −P) and the social distance between participants (+D or −D), three politeness systems can be identified: the deference politeness system, the solidarity politeness system, and the hierarchical politeness system. Method: This study employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews. The research involves two different generations: the younger generation (G-2), aged 13–20 years, and their parents' generation (G-1), aged 45 years and above. Results and Discussion: The research findings indicate that the politeness system of Javanese society in the Arek cultural area is undergoing a shift from a hierarchical politeness system to a symmetrical politeness system. This shift is particularly evident among the younger generation (G-2) in urban areas. The shift occurs because G-2 implements independent strategies differently from G-1. Research Implications: These findings have implications for quality education and cultural sustainability, particularly in integrating and maintaining cultural values, such as the use of Javanese krama, into educational practices to ensure their preservation and continuity across generations. Originality/Value: This study provides findings that can serve as a reference for future research on politeness. It also offers insights for the Indonesian government regarding whether this shift should be allowed to occur naturally or whether measures are needed to manage it, as it involves the use of Javanese krama, which tends to be increasingly abandoned by G-2.