[Analysis on adverse treatment outcome of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients and influencing factors in 9 provinces in China, 2017-2021].

<b>Objective:</b> To analyze the incidence of adverse treatment outcome of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients and influencing factors in 9 provinces in China. <b>Methods:</b> The information about the basic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of RR-TB patients registered from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 in 9 provinces (Beijing, Jilin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Yunnan and Guizhou) were collected from the tuberculosis information management sub-system of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for a descriptive analysis, and the influencing factors of adverse treatment outcome were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. <b>Results:</b> In 18 204 RR-TB patients in this study a total of 6 852 had adverse treatment outcomes (37.64%). Treatment failure occurred in 1 031 patients, 1 272 patients died, 2 284 patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 265 patients were not evaluated. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being man (a<i>OR</i>=1.54, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.43-1.66), age ≥65 years (a<i>OR</i>=2.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.20-2.67), being from other ethnic groups (a<i>OR</i>=1.18, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.03-1.35), being farmer (a<i>OR</i>=1.22, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.13-1.32), being retired with honours or being retired (a<i>OR</i>=1.16, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.00-1.35) and being floating population (a<i>OR</i>=1.23, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.13-1.34), re-treatment (a<i>OR</i>=1.33, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.24-1.42), long-term treatment therapy (a<i>OR</i>=3.26, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.52-4.23), living in central provinces (a<i>OR</i>=2.76, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.55-2.99), living in western provinces (a<i>OR</i>=2.31, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.08-2.57) were the influencing factors for adverse treatment outcome of RR-TB. <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of adverse outcomes in RR-TB patients in 9 provinces in China was higher from 2017 to 2021. There were many influencing factors associated with adverse treatment outcome in RR-TB patients, especially the area specific factors. The national tuberculosis control program should strengthen the follow-up and treatment management of RR-TB in men, the elderly, floating population, people in central and western provinces and other key groups, actively promote the short-term treatment program and improve the allocation of medical resources to reduce the influencing for adverse treatment outcomes in RR-TB patient.