Usability Study of Augmented Reality Indoor Navigation using Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale (HARUS)

Augmented Reality (AR) indoor navigation has surfaced as an unprecedented and inventive method of aiding and directing users as they traverse intricate indoor landscapes, including campuses and structures. The efficacy of AR interior navigation system implementation is predominantly contingent upon the ease of use and adeptness of users in engaging with this technology. This study sets out to comprehensively evaluate the usability of AR indoor navigation with a primary focus on the manipulability and comprehensibility aspects of AR technology, assessing how effectively it facilitates navigation within indoor spaces. To achieve this, the Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale (HARUS) was used as the framework for evaluation. The research involved the creation of a marker-based AR indoor navigation application called "DutaNavAR," designed specifically for use within the Agape Building at Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (Duta Wacana Christian University). The evaluation yielded noteworthy results, with the mean manipulability score averaging 75.19 and the mean comprehensibility score averaging 81.63. In summary, the overall average HARUS score obtained was 78.41. This score indicates a high level of user satisfaction with the interaction and overall experience of the indoor navigation application. These findings underscore the positive impact of AR technology in enhancing indoor navigation, emphasizing the usability and user-friendliness of AR solutions in complex indoor environments.