Research on the detection and analysis of weak signals with low SNR based on the Welch algorithm

Submarines are vital for military defense and national security in strategic communication systems. Power Spectral Density (PSD) characterizes signal spectrum frequency dependence and is crucial for analyzing broadband random signals. This study proposes a simplified PSD estimation method using the Welch algorithm for detecting weak signals in noisy environments, particularly in submarine communications. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the Welch algorithm with a Blackman window function and 512-point overlap improves variance performance and resolution, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. The results underscore the algorithm's effectiveness in enhancing signal detection in submarines.