An Endobronchial Aspergilloma Concealing Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Bronchus: A Case Report

Aspergillus is a saprophytic fungus that causes various respiratory illnesses in humans, depending on their immune status.It often manifests as saprophytic growth in pre-existing lung lesions termed aspergilloma or as allergic diseases in atopic individuals.It may also lead to persistent chronic inflammation known as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in individuals with pre-existing pulmonary diseases or to angioinvasive infections in immunocompromised patients.Endobronchial aspergilloma (EBA) is an uncommon clinical entity characterized by the noninvasive colonization of Aspergillus in the bronchus, typically occurring in cases of pre-existing endobronchial lesions or malignancies, as reported in the literature.Here, we present a case of a middle-aged male who was initially diagnosed with EBA through endobronchial cryobiopsy.However, further cryobiopsy of the deeper area and cryoextraction of the entire tissue growth revealed the presence of underlying metastatic endobronchial renal carcinoma.Therefore, whenever EBA is identified, we should consider the possibility of underlying or coexisting malignancies.