Development and Application of the Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery Systems

Nanoparticle drug delivery systems (NDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional drug delivery methods, offering significant improvements in drug bioavailability, targeting, and reduced toxicity. Among these, nanoemulsions (NE) have shown considerable potential across various therapeutic applications, addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. This review explores the preparation methods, characterization techniques, and advantages of nanoemulsions in drug delivery. Key preparation methods, including ultrasonic emulsification, high-pressure homogenization, and spontaneous emulsification, are discussed in terms of their advantages and challenges. The review also examines critical characterization parameters, such as droplet size, viscosity, stability, and polydispersity, which influence the effectiveness of nanoemulsions in therapeutic applications. central nanoemulsions in nasal-cerebral delivery for central nervous system tumors, intravenous delivery for gout treatment, and topical applications for urticaria are highlighted, demonstrating their ability to enhance drug efficacy, targeting, and patient outcomes. Despite the promising benefits, nanoemulsions face challenges in large-scale production, stability, and regulatory approval. Future research must address these issues to optimize nanoemulsion preparation and application for broader clinical use.