Research on the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by biochar

This paper systematically reviews the application research of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. As a porous solid granular material rich in carbon, biochar shows excellent heavy metal adsorption capacity and potential for soil remediation. This paper introduces in detail the preparation methods of biochar, including pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc., and its application principle in soil heavy metal remediation, focusing on the analysis of the mechanism by which biochar reduces the mobility and bioavailability of pollutants by adsorbing and fixing heavy metals and improving soil properties. This paper also discusses the classification of biochar from different raw material sources and its diversified applications in agriculture and environmental protection. In general, biochar has broad application prospects in the field of environmental remediation and is one of the important green technologies to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in soil.